The History of Pie :: Essays Papers

The History of Pie Caitlin Sklarz resides in Burlington, Vermont where she is attending the University of Vermont. She is currently finishing up Bachelors in Psychology and plans to go on for a degree in Nursing. Caitlin enjoys spending her free time with her boyfriend and dog, and taking walks in the beautiful Vermont woods. Desserts They are the most popular food in America today; yet, desserts are relatively new to food world. Pastries, and pies in particular, are probably the oldest of all. Pies have been filled with numerous foods, from meats to sweets, and even live animals and people Want to know more? Keep reading and learn about pie-from over 10,000 years ago to today. Pastry making goes as far back as the Neolithic Period. These round, flat cakes were first known as â€Å"galettes.† Our ancestors made these pie-like treats with oat, wheat, rye, and barley, then filled them with honey and baked the dish over hot coals (Montagne, 490). The tradition of galettes was carried on by the Greeks. Yet, this ancient people ingeniously realized that the galette idea served as a perfect vehicle to cook raw meat. So, they created pies with the popular meats and fruits of the time. But, presumably from losing some teeth, the Greeks learned not to eat the hard, tough, pasty crust and merely use it as a pan. This early Greek version of the pie was later adopted by the Romans upon conquering Greece. The pie idea was spread throughout the continent as the Roman Empire was created. The pies during this period were marked by a flour-water paste wrapped around meat; this dually served to cook the meat and seal in the juices. In fact, the Roman statesman Marcus Porcius Cato recorded his era’s most popular pie, â€Å"placenta† (De l’agricultura, 9). Well, now that we're all nauseous, at least we now know that pies were consumed in the 2nd century B.C. By the Medieval Period pies, then recorded as â€Å"pyes,† reached the height of their popularity in the royal courts. 12th century English courts used the whole foul in the pie and hung the legs over the sides of the crust as handles. Though this idea is no doubt unique, many vegetarians today would be very disturbed! Similarly, the French used pyes in their banquets and added a neat twist of their own; all royalty were invited to this event where they were entertained by magicians, jugglers, musicians, and dancers.

Biological Criminal Behavior Essay

Biology contributes to killers. As people in today’s society, we are constantly being bombarded with the crazy actions that mankind is capable of. We watch the news and hear about murders, or even read a book about a mysterious killer. As we go through these pieces of reality, one can’t help but be struck by the thought–what causes a person to act so violently? There have been many studies done to try and find an answer. For a crime such as serial killing, there are two thoughts. The first idea is that serial killing is caused by an abnormality in the frontal lobe of the brain. The second idea is that serial killers are bred by circumstance which means they have certain genes also known as the negative gene that makes them prone to becoming a killer. Ted Bundy was a serial killer who had confessed to more than 30 killings but many people believe that the number was actually closer to 100 (Biography.com, 2013). For the most part, Ted Bundy had a somewhat normal besides a few bumps in the road. Theodore Robert Cowell more commonly known as Ted Bundy was born on November 24th, 1946 to Eleanor Louise Cowell (The Predator, n.d.). Because Ted was born out of wedlock, his mother had her parents act like they were Ted’s biological parents. Eleanor Cowell then acted as if she were Ted’s sister. However, there are speculations that Ted was conceived out of an incestuous relationship between Eleanor and her father (The Predator, n.d.). These speculations have never been proven though. When Ted was about four years old, his â€Å"sister†, Eleanor and him moved to Washington State where Eleanor married Johnnie Bundy. Ted Bundy had a fairly close relationship to his grandfather/†father† even though the grandfather suffered from some anger issues. However, there were not any forms of abuse ever reported (The Predator, n.d.). As a teenager, Bundy began spying on women in h is neighborhood as well as breaking in to people’s homes in order to acquire valuables (The Ted Bundy Website, n.d.). In 1966, while attending the University of Washington, Bundy met a woman by the name of Stephanie Brooks and he fell in love with her but their love was not meant to be. In 1968, Stephanie and Ted broke up and consequently, many  if not all of Bundy’s victims resembled Stephanie Brooks (The Predator, n.d.). In 1969, while Ted was in the state of Vermont (where he was born) he found that whom he thought was his sister for so many years was actually his mother (The Predator, n.d.). For most people, the realization of this would probably destroy them mentally, but for Bundy it seemed to have little to no effect (The Predator, n.d.). Around 1974 is when Bundy began slaying innocent women and it was not until 1978 when he was finally arrested for the last time (Crimemuseum.com, 2013). In order to lure his victims in, he would pretend to be injured when a female was passing by and when they came to aide him, he would smash them over the head with a metal pipe or crowbar (Crimemuesum.com, 2013). Bundy was considered to be a sexual deviate as well as a necrophiliac (The Ted Bundy Website, n.d.). Bundy often left his victims in his residence until they started to petrify and he was no longer able to handle the smell while having sexual intercourse with them. Psychopathic individuals display a multitude of behaviors that make up this disorder and can sometimes be readily detected unless the individual is purposely masking these traits. The psychopathic individual is normally incapable of feeling any guilt, remorse or empathy for their anti-social behaviors. They are manipulative with others to further their own goals or desires. These individuals do know the difference between right and wrong but feel that they are exempt from these judgments. They are also very poor in such emotions as love and caring (Schmalleger, 2012). People with psychopathic behaviors are very egocentric and narcissistic because they are unwilling to give up their comfort for the benefit of others, their needs always come first. They generally don’t learn from past experiences and tend to repeat the same failed ideas. They have difficulty in following a life plan like most normal people do. Psychopaths don’t accept that there are or should be consequences for their anti-social behaviors (Schmalleger, 2012). Many psychopaths have trouble holding down steady employment as they are prone to outbursts of anger at their worksite with little provocation. They have trouble with interpersonal relationships  or grasping team concepts. This leads typically to unsteady finances and difficulty finding new jobs. Romantic relationships are especially difficult to maintain if possible at all. They are very good at seeming to be charming and sincere at times. They learn that their own personalities are lacking so they mimic the personalities of those around them to appear normal and to achieve their desires. One of the associated problems with psychopaths is they believe that they can outwit law enforcement officials and will not be caught by them. This may explain one reason why these individuals commit serial crimes (Schmalleger, 2012). Psychopaths do not have delusions or hear voices others don’t hear. They live in the real world and don’t talk to imaginary persons. Even modern day advancements in these disorders have not produced methods to successfully treat psychopaths. In fact the treatments meant to help them deal with this disorder can empower them and many have fooled the medical profession that they are indeed making progress toward recovery when in reality they have not changed at all (National Institute of health, 2011). New research has indicated that there may be methods of identifying traits in pre-adolescent youth that may be treatable before they are adults. The hope is that if these are diagnosed early before adulthood, they can prevent the anti-social behaviors from occurring. Once a psychopathic person reaches adulthood treatments are of little or no use. One study suggests that these behaviors are inherited and developed though a child’s environment. The study found that about 67% of those youths studied inherited traits such as extreme callousness and emotional instability and the environment they grow up in can affect how they deal with these problems (National Institute of health, 2011). Ted Bundy demonstrated various symptoms related to the biological theory of psychology in criminology. Biological theory in crime causation focuses on the human body, evolutionary factors, hormones, inherited genes, and the way the brain has developed (Ministry of Justice, 2009). The psychological issues that Ted Bundy possessed are conditioning, psychopath, antisocial personality disorder, and sublimation. The principle of conditioning for Ted Bundy was the repetition of deadly assaults on young women. The repetition of murders allowed Ted Bundy to perfect his crimes. Psychopath principle consists of someone who has a personality disorder, which transforms into another disorder called anti-social disorder. When Bundy and Stephanie Brooks separated, Bundy was  emotionally and mentally destroyed. Anti-social personality disorder is the patterns of disregard for others. Bundy was very antisocial as a child, which later manifested into a sociopath. The principle of sublimation is the process of consciousness on symbolic substitute for another (Schmalleger, 2012 p. 129). Ted Bundy fantasized about young women, and would continue to have sexual intercourse with the deceased corps until the stench was no longer tolerable. In conclusion, serial killers are biologically different then regular people. They have lower brain functions and are genetically prone to becoming a serial killer. The identifiable related contributors to the biological theory of criminology entail low serotonin, neurological defects, malnutrition, anti-social behavior, and environmental contributors. Serial killers tend to act upon violent actions due to their abnormal brain waves in their frontal lobe and prefrontal cortex. As everyone can see from this research, serial killers kill not because of their upbringing, but because of biology. This is why they are known by many experts as biological disasters. References Biography.com. (2013). Ted Bundy. Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/ted-bundy-9231165?page=2 The Predator. (n.d.). The Predator: Ted Bundy. Retrieved from http://tedbundy.150m.com/main.html The Ted Bundy Website. (n.d.). Bundy’s Childhood. Retrieved from http://students.english.ilstu.edu/smdare/bundy/tedschildhood.html Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3113684/ Schmalleger, F. (2012). Criminology (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Is Hannah Transformed / Changed Through Her Relationship...

1. In what specific ways does Hannah help Prior? Why might she (a complete stranger) have such a profound effect on him? In what ways does their relationship (and her views on world, religion, disease) make possible Prior s transition from AIDS victim to a PLWA (a person LIVING with AIDS)? In what ways is Hannah transformed/changed through her relationship with Prior? And why/how does this change occur? Specifically, Hannah helps Prior by both bringing him to the hospital when he falls ill and by helping him realize that he can reject the prophecy given to him by the Angel. In fact, she tells him, â€Å"An angel is just a belief†¦It’s naught to be afraid of. If it lets you down, reject it. Seek for something new† (Kushner 237), which provides relief to Prior’s struggles with accepting the prophecy. Furthermore, she also forces Prior to wrestle with the Angel, which allows him to return the book of anti-migration back to heaven, relieving him of the burden that was forced upon him. Although they’re strangers, Hannah has more of an impact on Prior than any other character in the play. Specifically, Hannah doesn’t downplay his encounter with the Angel, and provides him with a specific solution to his problem that no one else was able to supply. For example, Belize disregarded Prior’s encounter with the Angel, insisting that it was just a delusion. Hannah, however, listened to him and gave him advice as to how he could â€Å"get his life back.† Although she didn’t necessarily believeShow MoreRelatedTechnology in Hotel Industry14045 Words   |  57 Pagesdiagram, 4 images. Abstract : Prior research has shown that the level of communication has an on the learning outcomes in Ramp;D alliances and, subsequently, on performance. The level of communication depends on issues such as the systems that enhance knowledge sharing and the factors that deter knowledge flows, such as tacitness of knowledge and (deliberate) barriers set up to limit knowledge transfer. Innovations and value can only be created through sufficiently open knowledge sharingRead MoreBranding in Clothing Industry22425 Words   |  90 Pagesqualitative analysis 3.2.3 Reliability and validity of data 3.3 Justification of research method 3.4 Sampling 3.5 Interview schedule 3.5.1 Stage one 3.5.2 Stage two 3.5.3 Stage three 3.6 Administration 3.7 Analysis strategy 3.7.1 Grounded theory and its relationship to qualitative data analysis 3.7.2 Within-case and cross-case analysis 3.7.2.1 Within-case analysis 3.7.2.2 Cross-case analysis 3.8 Summary 24 24 24 24 25 26 27 29 31 31 32 34 34 34 34 35 36 37 37 Chapter 4: Research findings and discussionRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a writtenRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 Pagesemphasis on the practical implications of theory. Topics And Themes As the workshop progresses it will cover a number of themes which link and relate to different topics. The difference between themes and topics is important, and is best understood through an example. Leadership is a topic covered in the workshop. But in considering different theories of leadership, several themes are implicit. These include, for example, issues of structure, culture, influence, power, trust, politics, and so on. ThereRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages.................................................................................. 474 Inferring from Correlation to Causation......................................................................................... 479 Criteria for a Causal Relationship................................................................................................ 481 Criteria for Creating Good Explanations ........................................................................................ 483 Assessing